Brain Cancer Staging
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The histologic classification employed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, shown below, makes use of 4 grades. [1, 2]
Grade I:
Lesions with low proliferative potential, a frequently discrete nature, and the possibility of cure following surgical resection alone
Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Grade II:
Lesions that are generally infiltrating and low in mitotic activity but recur; some tumor types tend to progress to higher grades of malignancy
Diffuse astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma
Grade III:
Lesions with histologic evidence of malignancy, generally in the form of mitotic activity, clearly expressed infiltrative capabilities, and anaplasia
Anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma
Grade IV:
Lesions that are mitotically active, necrosis-prone, and generally associated with a rapid preoperative and postoperative evolution of disease
Glioblastoma
Nabors LB, Portnow J, Ammirati M, et al. Central Nervous System Cancers, Version 1.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2015 Oct. 13 (10):1191-202. [Medline].
Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment (PDQ). NIH. National Cancer Institute. Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adultbrain/HealthProfessional/page2. October 27, 2015; Accessed: December 30, 2015.
Jeffrey N Bruce, MD Edgar M Housepian Professor of Neurological Surgery Research, Vice-Chairman and Professor of Neurological Surgery, Director of Brain Tumor Tissue Bank, Director of Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Jeffrey N Bruce, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, New York Academy of Sciences, North American Skull Base Society, Pituitary Society, Society for Neuro-Oncology, Society of Neurological Surgeons
Disclosure: Received grant/research funds from NIH for other.
Benjamin Kennedy, MD Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Christopher D Braden, DO Hematologist/Oncologist, Chancellor Center for Oncology at Deaconess Hospital; Medical Director, Deaconess Hospital Outpatient Infusion Centers; Chairman, Deaconess Hospital Cancer Committee
Christopher D Braden, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Jules E Harris, MD, FACP, FRCPC Clinical Professor of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Arizona Cancer Center
Jules E Harris, MD, FACP, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society of Hematology, Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research, American Society of Clinical Oncology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Brain Cancer Staging
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