Your skill and other factors to consider
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An important part of using any piece of quipment effectively is knowing its capabilities and limitations. Fire-arms are no exception. We all know that handguns are close-in defense weapons. However, what exactly are their range limitations? Long-range hand gunning is a skill that takes practice to master, and there are a few shooting fundamentals you need to learn.
The qualification course used by most law enforcement
agencies has a maximum range of 25 yards. The military teaches that 50 meters
is the maximum effective range of the sidearm. What is the maximum effective
range of your handgun, and to what range do you feel you are proficient with
it?
Before you answer, let’s consider the two major factors that
impact on this issue.
First and foremost is your skill as a marksman. How well
have you mastered the fundamentals of stance, grip, sight alignment, trigger
control, and breath control?
The second factor in long-range hand gunning is the caliber and the particular load you are using. Trajectory or the arc the bullet follows in its path to the target is generally considered to be a flat line at common handgun ranges. At extended ranges, the differences in flight characteristics or trajectories of different calibers and bullets begin to play a significant role in accuracy.
The high velocity and relatively light bullet weight of the
standard .357 Magnum load give this round a much flatter trajectory than the
heavy and slow-moving bullet of the .45 ACP.
While barrel length, type of sights, and type of action,
i.e., revolver or semi-automatic, do play a role, it is less decisive than
generally believed.
I recommend following a program for long-distance shooting,
which gives you the opportunity to learn through direct experience that you can
successfully engage and hit targets at ranges commonly thought to be beyond the
capability of standard handguns.
Exactly what distances are we talking about when we say
long-range handgun shooting? Back in the day, all my shooting was conducted at
ranges between 150 and 500 yards. Some of the weapons used were Sig-Sauer P226s and 220s, Beretta 92s, Glock
17s, Colt .45 automatics, and a few revolvers, primarily Smith and Wesson K and
L frames.
Targets used were double thickness armor plate hatches
measuring 22 by 44 inches, slightly larger than the standard police target
silhouette. With a little practice and coaching the almost everyone at the
range quickly began dinging the targets between 150 and 300 yards with direct
fire.
A few of the more adventurous shooters who were willing to experiment with an offset aiming point discover that they can even hit the 500-yard target (which appears to be about the size of the head of a pin).
First of all, you’ve increased your effective handgun range
capability from 25 to 300 yards. That alone has significant survival as well as
tactical implications.
Second, by practicing using indirect aiming points for
extremely long ranges out to 500 yards, you’ve learned the trajectory of your
weapon and ammunition.
While a few of the better marksmen have mastered the
fundamentals and are able to score fairly consistent hits on the 500-yard
target, many others are able to lay in what amounts to suppressive fire at that
range.
If long-range hand gunning sounds like something you’d like
to try, here are a few pointers: Don’t rush out to buy an expensive silhouette
target pistol. You can spend a couple of thousand dollars on a customized
weapon modified to your personal specifications and be extremely disappointed
with its performance if you haven’t mastered the fundamentals of marksmanship.
Many shooters use a barricade supported kneeling position
for stability, but others are quite successful withstanding, off-hand shooting
from the Weaver stance.
As in all handgun shooting proper fit of the weapon to your
hand and the way you grip the weapon are essential to accuracy. Remember that
the barrel of the weapon is an extension of your arm, and should be held in
line with your arm so that the forces of recoil are transmitted directly down
your arm and not channeled off through a loose or bent wrist.
Proper follow-through, while often overlooked in less
demanding forms of shooting, is essential for successful long-range shots.
A misalignment of the sights by only one-thousandth of an
inch at the muzzle will result in an error of three inches at 50 yards and of
nearly three feet at 500 yards. Considering how small the targets appear at
these ranges, it is almost an act of faith to maintain your focus on the front
sight, but it is absolutely critical that you do.
For distances out to 150 yards sights can be aligned in the
normal way —top of front sight level with the top of the rear sight and equal
strips of daylight bracketing each side of the front sight blade.
In order to maximize your hit probability at 150 yards starts by placing the top of the front sight level with the top of the target. At this distance, the front sight will be wider than the target, so your sight picture requires considerable concentration and your full attention.
As ranges increase toward 300 yards simply elevate the
muzzle of the weapon so that the top of the front sight is higher than the top
of the rear sight. At 300 yards the base of the front sight blade should be
level with the top of the rear sight, still centered with equal daylight on
each side. This method will provide a starting point for you to work from. The
trajectory of your particular ammunition may require you to make adjustments to
this basic formula.
At 500 yards the method is different because the average
front sight is simply not high enough to obtain a sight picture with the muzzle
elevated to compensate for the deteriorating trajectory of the bullet. Some
cartridges, notably the standard .45 hard-ball, have a trajectory drop of
approximately 35 feet at 500 yards. Naturally, to be successful at this range,
you will have to find an alternate aiming point the appropriate distance above,
or beyond your target.
It is not necessary to shoot exclusively single action to be
accurate at extended ranges. Many shooters are quite successful at long-range hand
gunning using the double action feature of their revolver or semi-auto pistol.
What is critical is a smooth and steady squeeze. You must
avoid staging, jerking, or any other trigger movement which is not an evenly
paced continuous motion. As with grip, follow-through is important with trigger
control. The bullet has a long, unguided flight and the way it is launched
determines where it will impact.
We’ve all experienced the figure-eight weave as we attempt
to hold a handgun steady. At close range, you may be lucky and squeeze off your
shot just as the sights pass over the target. But for long-range precision, you
have no such luxury. You must be absolutely steady. Taking a breath, then letting it halfway out
is an old formula, and it is still the one to follow to promote a steady hold.
We’re hitting the target, but what about the remaining
kinetic energy of the bullet at these long ranges? Does the bullet retain any
stopping power once it reaches the target? It’s actually frightening to
consider what happens to a bullet, whether it’s a fully jacketed .45 or a
hollow-point .357, when it impacts armor plate at 150 yards. Inspecting the
targets after a shooting session, I collected a bag full of what appeared to be
lead nickles — round and flat. They are in fact .38, .357 and .95 caliber
bullets that have struck the target with so much force that they have completely
flattened themselves.
Even at 500 yards bullets recovered at the base of the
target retained enough energy to transform themselves into classic lead
mushrooms. Now that you know what you can do with your handgun, should you get
rid of your rifle? Absolutely not. Rifles are designed to deliver accurate and
powerful long-range fire. But it is nice to know that you have the option available
of your handgun for long-range hand gunning in a pinch.
Whether you are a police officer, soldier, survivalist or just a weekend shooter, realize and appreciate the capability of that handgun you pack with you. It can do its job far beyond the traditional 25-yard limit we have uncritically accepted for so long
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If I recall correctly, holding the front sight blade base even with the to of my rear sight of my Star PD .45acp gave me an impact point at approximately 160 yards. I could occasionally hit a milk jug at that range (or make it duck if it had the ability :^). Especially if the wind wasn’t gusty – reading the wind is a key in long range shooting. A crosswind is a good teacher of the effect on a bullet.
Like you said – good knowledge to know before hand. Because your rifle may be out of reach, the handgun on your belt became your primary.
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